{"id":258,"date":"2016-11-23T13:56:51","date_gmt":"2016-11-23T13:56:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/?p=258"},"modified":"2018-03-20T20:34:42","modified_gmt":"2018-03-20T20:34:42","slug":"movimientos-tierra","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/en\/movimientos-tierra\/","title":{"rendered":"Earth movements"},"content":{"rendered":"

From a young age we have been told that the Earth moves<\/strong>. You probably know that the time it takes to go around the sun is called the year, and the day is the rotation of the earth itself. We are going to look in detail at the most well-known motions of the Earth: translation, rotation. We will also look at the less well-known ones such as nutation and rotation, as well as the fundamental laws governing the motion of the planets (Kepler's Laws<\/a>).<\/p>\n

WHAT THE EARTH MOVEMENTS ARE.<\/h2>\n

The Earth, as defined by Copernicus in 1543, is in continuous motion around the sun, translational movement,<\/a> as well as the rest of the planets. The entire Solar System also has motion around the centre of our galaxy, but this motion of the Solar System does not affect us appreciably in our day-to-day lives.<\/p>\n

In addition to the movement around the Sun, known as translational movement, there is also the rotational movement<\/a> (movement around its axis, responsible for day and night). Less well known, but also important, as we will see later, are the movements of nutation<\/a>\u00a0and precession<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Let's take a look one by one at the 4 earth movements<\/strong>. It should not be forgotten that these movements have above the kepler's laws<\/a>These are definitive when it comes to understanding the solar system and the movement of the planets around the sun. Here we will look at them one by one:<\/p>\n

\"Movimientos<\/p>\n

TRANSLATIONAL MOVEMENT<\/h2>\n

The Earth moves around the Sun, due to the force of gravity exerted by the Sun on the Earth. In 365 days, the Earth takes 5 hours and 57 minutes, i.e. 365, 2422 days, which is the length of the year. In our calendar, 365 days is considered to be the time it would take the earth to go around the sun. To compensate for the extra 0.24 days that it takes the earth to go around the sun, that is why we have leap years, every 4 years our calendar has 366 days.<\/p>\n

The movement of the earth around the sun is of a elliptical trajectory<\/a>. The Sun is not in the centre of the Ellipse, but in one of the foci, and due to this elliptical trajectory (and the inclination of the Earth on its own axis), there are seasons, solstices and some singular days depending on the distance of the Earth from the Sun.\"Afelio<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

In this first image we can see the Earth's path around the Sun. You can see how the distance from the Earth to the Sun varies between winter and summer. Curiously, and due to the tilt of the Earth on its own axis, summer in our hemisphere occurs at the moment of greatest distance between the Earth and the Sun.<\/p>\n

SOLSTICES AND EQUINOXES<\/h3>\n

Summer Solstice<\/strong>. The summer solstice at the North Pole occurs at the time when the North Pole is at its greatest tilt to the sun, the longest day. The summer solstice at the North Pole coincides with the winter solstice at the South Pole.<\/p>\n

Winter Solstice<\/strong>. The winter solstice at the North Pole occurs at the time when the North Pole is at its lowest tilt to the sun.<\/p>\n

Equinoxes<\/strong>. The equinoxes are the times of the year when the plane of the equator is parallel to the sun, i.e. there is no tilt of the poles with respect to the sun.<\/p>\n

It occurs twice a year: on 20 or 21 March and 22 or 23 September of each year, coinciding with the change of season. These are times when the two poles of the Earth are at the same distance from the Sun, so the light is projected equally in both hemispheres and day and night have the same duration at all points of the Earth.<\/p>\n

APHELION AND PERIHELION<\/h3>\n

There are also 2 important points to note in the Earth's path around the Sun:<\/p>\n

Aphelion<\/strong>. Aphelion occurs when the Sun and the Earth are at their greatest distance in their path around the Sun. It does not coincide with the solstices, and occurs on the 4th of July. According to Kepler's laws, this is when the Earth's velocity around the Sun is at its minimum.<\/p>\n

Perihelion<\/strong>. It is the moment when the Sun and the Earth reach their minimum distance, and the maximum speed of the Earth around the Sun, which occurs on January 3rd.<\/p>\n

ROTATIONAL MOVEMENT<\/h2>\n

The rotational motion of the Earth is the spinning of the Earth around its axis, and it is the motion that causes days and nights.<\/p>\n

A complete rotation with respect to a fixed star lasts 23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds and is called a sidereal day. The remaining 3m 56seconds, with respect to the 24 hours that the solar day lasts, is due to the translational movement of the earth, which has to move forward a little more for the same point to be in the same plane as the sun.<\/p>\n

\"Movimiento<\/p>\n

Due to the tilt of the Earth, day and night do not last the same at the North Pole, at the South Pole or at different times of the year. They do last the same over the equator throughout the year. In the section on Earth's translational motion<\/a> you can see more details about the length of day and night according to your pole, the solstices and equinoxes.<\/p>\n

PRECESSIONAL MOTION<\/h2>\n

In addition to the movements of rotation<\/a> and translation<\/a>The earth has 2 other, less known movements, which are the precession movement and the precession movement. nutation movement<\/a><\/p>\n

The precession movement reverses the tilt of the poles. It is a circular motion around the earth's axis that completes a full cycle every 25,868 years. This motion is due to the gravitational attraction of the Sun, the Moon and, to a lesser extent, the planets, and is a motion that all plants have.<\/p>\n

\"Precesion\"<\/p>\n

According to the precession movement, in Spain, at the North Pole, the summer\/winter situation would be reversed, as well as the winter\/summer solstices at the North and South Poles.<\/p>\n

The precession motion of the earth is similar to that of a spinning top, when it moves slowly, the greater the spinning speed of the top, which will precess (perform a precession motion) in a direction determined by the torque exerted by its weight. The angular velocity of the precession is inversely proportional to the angular velocity of the spin, so that the precession is faster and more pronounced as the spinning top stops.<\/p>\n

NUTATION MOVEMENT<\/h2>\n

The Earth's rotational movement is a movement that is superimposed on the motion of the Earth. precession<\/a>and which performs a small back-and-forth motion of the Earth's axis.<\/p>\n

To get an idea of this motion, let us imagine that, as the axis of rotation describes the conical precession motion, it travels in turn through a small ellipse or loop over a period of 18.6 years.<\/p>\n

\"Movimiento<\/p>\n

In one complete precession (25,767 years) the Earth performs more than 1,300 nutation loops.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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