{"id":7726,"date":"2018-05-15T08:33:21","date_gmt":"2018-05-15T08:33:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/?page_id=7726"},"modified":"2018-11-26T17:19:04","modified_gmt":"2018-11-26T17:19:04","slug":"carbono","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/en\/carbono\/","title":{"rendered":"Carbon"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Carbon is element number 6 in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/en\/tabla-periodica\/\">periodic table<\/a>. Its chemical symbol is\u00a0<b>C<\/b>atomic number\u00a0<b>6<\/b>\u00a0and atomic mass\u00a0<b>12,01<\/b>. It has 3 naturally occurring isotopes, the stable isotopes\u00a0<sup>12<\/sup>C and\u00a0<sup>13<\/sup>C and the radioactive isotope\u00a0<sup>14<\/sup>C, with an approximate lifetime of about 5730 +- 40 years.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"PROPIEDADES_FISICO-QUIMICAS_DEL_SODIO\">PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong>Atomic mass: <\/strong>12,01 u<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/en\/densidad\/\">Density<\/a>:<\/strong> 2267 kg\/m<sup>3<\/sup><br \/>\n<strong>Atomic radius (calc)<\/strong>: 67 pm (Bohr radius)<\/p>\n<p><strong>Group, period, block:<\/strong>\u00a01, 3, s<br \/>\n<strong>Name, symbol, number:<\/strong> Carbon, C, 6<br \/>\n<strong>Ordinary status:<\/strong>\u00a0Solid<br \/>\n<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/en\/punto-de-fusion\/\">Melting point<\/a>:<\/strong>\u00a03800 K (3527 \u00bac)<br \/>\n<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/en\/punto-de-ebullicion\/\">Boiling point<\/a>:\u00a0<\/strong>5100 K (4827 \u00baC)<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/en\/calor-especifico\/\"><strong>Specific heat<\/strong><\/a>: 710 J\/(K-kg)<br \/>\n<strong>n\u00baCAS:<\/strong> 7444-04-0<strong><br \/>\n<\/strong><strong>EINECS no: <\/strong>231-153-3<\/p>\n<h2>CARBON CHARACTERISTICS<\/h2>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-7787\" src=\"https:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Carbono.jpg\" alt=\"Carbono: Carbon y Diamante\" width=\"370\" height=\"254\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Carbono.jpg 630w, https:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/Carbono-300x206.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 370px) 100vw, 370px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Carbon is one of the most versatile elements in the periodic table. Compounds made up of carbon elements include everything from one of the softest substances, such as <strong>Graphite<\/strong>to one of the hardest substances such as <strong>Diamond<\/strong>. It is also one of the cheapest substances, such as coal, and one of the most expensive, such as diamond. It has a high affinity for chemical bonding with other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/en\/atomo\/\">atoms<\/a>. For example, with oxygen it forms carbon dioxide, which is essential for plant growth and the main compound for the whole ecosystem in the carbon cycle. With hydrogen it forms numerous compounds, mainly hydrocarbons, which are essential for industry and as fossil fuels. With oxygen and hydrogen it forms the bulk of organic compounds.<\/p>\n<h2>USES OF CARBON<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Hydrocarbon component: Fossil fuels that come from petroleum and natural gas.<\/li>\n<li>The radioactive isotope carbon-14 is used in radiometric dating.<\/li>\n<li>Graphite is combined with clay for pencil leads.  It is curious that a diamond and a pencil lead have the same chemical composition, with the element carbon.<\/li>\n<li>Diamond is another compound that has only carbon in its chemical composition. It is formed at high pressures and temperatures in the centre of the earth. It is one of the most prized materials in jewellery.<\/li>\n<li>Carbon is the main alloying element in the alloys of the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/en\/metales\/acero-inoxidable\/\">stainless steels<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Activated carbon is used in water filtration and purification systems.<\/li>\n<li>Carbon fibre is one of the most technologically advanced materials, with similar strength to steel and with a very low weight. That is why it is widely used in sports activities such as tennis, skiing, cycling. It is also used in aeronautical components and F1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>CARBON 14<\/h2>\n<p>The\u00a0<b>carbon-14<\/b>,\u00a0<b><sup>14<\/sup>C<\/b>\u00a0o\u00a0<b>radiocarbon<\/b>is an isotope\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/en\/atomo\/radioactividad\/\">radioactive<\/a>\u00a0of carbon. Carbon-14 disintegrates over time, reaching a lifetime of 5730 +-40 years. The nucleus of its atom contains <strong>6 protons<\/strong>\u00a0y <strong>8 neutrons, <\/strong>which makes it an unstable isotope (whenever the imbalance between neutrons and protons is 2 or more, the atom is unstable), and it is transmuted by emitting radioactivity into nitrogen-14 (<sup>14<\/sup>N).<\/p>\n<p>The content of the 3 natural carbon isotopes (carbon-12, carbon-13, carbon-14) of organic elements, such as plants and animals, is always constant in proportion.  The natural abundance of carbon-12 and carbon-13 is 98.89 % and 1.11 %, respectively, whereas that of carbon-14 is 1.0-10<sup>-10<\/sup>\u00a0%. Given its continuous disintegration, one would think that the carbon-14 isotope should have disappeared, but when cosmic rays hit the Earth's atmosphere, nuclear reactions take place, producing neutrons, which, when they hit some atoms of the dinitrogen molecules (N<sub>2<\/sub>) in the atmosphere are converted into the isotope carbon-14. Subsequently, carbon-14 from the atmosphere reacts with oxygen in the air to give Co2. This CO2 in the oceans' own cycle is absorbed by the oceans.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, in the atmosphere, in the oceans, in plants through photosynthesis (CO2 absorption), and through food, the content of each of the 3 carbon isotopes is constant. Once the living organism dies, it does not absorb any more CO2, nor carbon in other forms, and by transmuting carbon-14 into nitrogen, the proportion of the 3 isotopes will vary, (carbon-14 decreases), making it a very effective method of dating dead organic organisms.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Carbon is element number 6 in the periodic table. It has the chemical symbol C, atomic number 6 and atomic mass 12.01. It has 3 naturally occurring isotopes, the stable isotopes 12C and 13C and the radioactive isotope 14C, with an approximate life of 5730 +- 40 years. PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON Atomic mass: 12.01 u Density: 2267 kg\/m3 Atomic radius (calc): 67 pm (Bohr radius) [...]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v23.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Carbono<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.experimentoscientificos.es\/en\/carbono\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Carbono\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El carbono es el elemento n\u00famero 6 de la tabla peri\u00f3dica. Tiene de s\u00edmbolo qu\u00edmico\u00a0C,\u00a0n\u00famero at\u00f3mico\u00a06\u00a0y\u00a0masa at\u00f3mica\u00a012,01. Tiene 3 is\u00f3topos que se producen de forma natural, los estables\u00a012C\u00a0y\u00a013C\u00a0y el\u00a0is\u00f3topo radiactivo\u00a014C,\u00a0 con una\u00a0vida aproximada\u00a0de unos 5730 +- 40 a\u00f1os. 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